docs: show dynamic cloudflare trusted_proxies as primary example

caddy-cf now bundles WeidiDeng/caddy-cloudflare-ip, so document
'trusted_proxies cloudflare { interval 12h; timeout 15s }' as the
primary (auto-refreshing) approach, with the static-list method noted
as the fallback for builds without the plugin. Also explains
client_ip_headers (Cf-Connecting-Ip preferred, X-Forwarded-For fallback).

.github/workflows/build-docker-images.yml

@@ -46,8 +46,11 @@ jobs:
           tags: |
             ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ gitea.repository_owner }}/blog-ahmza-com:latest
             ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ gitea.repository_owner }}/blog-ahmza-com:${{ gitea.event.head_commit.id }}
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          # Registry-backed build cache. The GitHub-hosted 'gha' cache is not
+          # reachable from self-hosted Gitea runners, so store the cache as a
+          # dedicated tag in the same registry instead.
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ gitea.repository_owner }}/blog-ahmza-com:buildcache
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ gitea.repository_owner }}/blog-ahmza-com:buildcache,mode=max
   deploy:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
@@ -58,9 +61,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
           setup-key: ${{ secrets.NETBIRD_SETUP_KEY }}
           hostname: 'gitea-actions-blog'
-          management-url: 'https://netbird.ahmza.com'
+          management-url: ${{ secrets.NETBIRD_URL }}
 
       - name: Deploy to RPIC-Cluster
+        # RPIC cluster is temporarily out of service. Don't let its failure
+        # block the Gimli deploy or fail the whole job. Remove this line once
+        # the cluster is back.
+        continue-on-error: true
         uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1
         with:
           host: ${{ secrets.RPIC_HOST }}

Caddyfile

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# Caddyfile for the blog behind Cloudflare.
+#
+# Topology: Cloudflare (terminates TLS)  ->  Caddy (HTTP :80)  ->  SWS (blog:80)
+#
+# Cloudflare handles the public HTTPS cert, so Caddy serves plain HTTP on :80
+# and does NOT need the Cloudflare DNS-01 / automatic-HTTPS setup. Set the
+# Cloudflare SSL/TLS mode to "Full" so CF->origin is encrypted at the network
+# layer (e.g. over your tunnel/Netbird), even though this listener is HTTP.
+#
+# Copy this file to /etc/caddy/Caddyfile on the caddy_cf host and reload:
+#   docker exec caddy_cf caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+# or restart the container.
+{
+	# Trust only Cloudflare's edge IPs so real visitor IPs (Cf-Connecting-Ip /
+	# X-Forwarded-For) are honoured only when the request actually comes from
+	# Cloudflare. This prevents header spoofing from any other source.
+	#
+	# The `cloudflare` IP source (WeidiDeng/caddy-cloudflare-ip, baked into the
+	# caddy-cf image) auto-fetches the ranges from cloudflare.com/ips-v4 and
+	# /ips-v6 and refreshes them periodically, so there's no static list to
+	# keep in sync.
+	servers {
+		trusted_proxies cloudflare {
+			interval 12h
+			timeout 15s
+		}
+		# Read the real visitor IP from these headers (only honoured for
+		# requests from trusted_proxies above). Cf-Connecting-Ip is
+		# Cloudflare's single authoritative end-user IP; X-Forwarded-For is
+		# the fallback if a request ever arrives without the CF header.
+		client_ip_headers Cf-Connecting-Ip X-Forwarded-For
+	}
+}
+
+# Bind to the hostname on the HTTP port only. Because the address has an
+# explicit ":80" scheme/port, Caddy will NOT try to provision a TLS cert.
+http://blog.ahmza.com {
+	# THE responder: proxy every request to the blog (SWS) container.
+	# This is what was missing before (requests fell through to a NOP -> blank page).
+	reverse_proxy blog:80
+
+	# Compression happens here (SWS has it disabled on purpose).
+	encode zstd gzip
+
+	# Security headers (single source of truth; SWS has security-headers off).
+	header {
+		Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"
+		X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
+		X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
+		Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
+		# Drop Caddy's default Server header.
+		-Server
+	}
+
+	log {
+		output stdout
+		format console
+	}
+}

README.md

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 This repository contains the source code for my personal blog hosted at [blog.ahmza.com](https://blog.ahmza.com).
 
 ## Features
-Using GitLab provides several advantages:
-- **Highly Customizable CI/CD Pipelines**: Automated processes for building and deploying the blog.
-- **GitLab Container Image Repository**: Efficient management and storage of container images.
-- **Custom GitLab Runners**: Flexibility in managing the CI/CD environment.
+Using Gitea provides several advantages:
+- **Highly Customizable CI/CD Pipelines**: Automated processes for building and deploying the blog via Gitea Actions.
+- **Gitea Container Image Repository**: Efficient management and storage of container images.
+- **Custom Gitea Runners**: Flexibility in managing the CI/CD environment.
 
 The CI/CD pipeline is configured to build the blog for both amd64 and arm64
 architectures, allowing me to host the site on my [Pi cluster](https://blog.ahmza.com/posts/pi-docker-swarm/)
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ sacrificing performance.
 
 ## Implementation
 - **Hugo**: Converts Markdown files into static HTML/CSS/JS files.
-- **GitLab CI/CD**: Automates the build process and creates Docker images.
+- **Gitea Actions**: Automates the build process and creates Docker images.
 - **Kubernetes Cluster**: Serves the static files to users.
 
 ## To-Do List
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ sacrificing performance.
 ## Notes
 
 ### Cloning the Repository
-To clone this repository along with its submodules, use the following command:
+The Blowfish theme is managed as a Hugo module, so no submodules are required.
+Clone the repository with:
 ```bash
-git clone git@gitlab.com:ahmza/blog.git
+git clone ssh://gitea@tea.ahmza.com:2222/ahmza/blog-ahmza-com.git
 ```

compose.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 services:
   blog:
-    image: ghcr.io/ahmzaa/blog-ahmza-com
+    image: tea.ahmza.com/ahmza/blog-ahmza-com:latest
     ports:
       - 80:80
     restart: unless-stopped

docs/caddy-reverse-proxy.md

@@ -1,15 +1,44 @@
 # Caddy as a Reverse Proxy
 
 This document describes how to run [Caddy](https://caddyserver.com/) as a
-reverse proxy in front of the blog. It covers both deployment targets used by
-this project: the Kubernetes (Raspberry Pi) cluster and the Docker Compose host
-(Gimli).
+reverse proxy in front of the blog.
 
 It uses the custom [`caddy-cf`](https://github.com/ahmzaa/caddy-cf) image
 (`ghcr.io/ahmzaa/caddy-cf:latest`) — a Caddy build with the **Cloudflare DNS
-module** baked in. The stock Caddy image cannot solve the ACME **DNS-01**
-challenge for Cloudflare; this custom build can, which is what lets us obtain
-certificates without exposing ports `80`/`443` to the public internet.
+module** baked in.
+
+## Deployment topologies
+
+There are two supported ways to run Caddy in front of the blog. **Pick one.**
+
+### 1. Cloudflare in front (current production) — HTTP only
+
+```
+Cloudflare (terminates TLS)  ->  Caddy (HTTP :80)  ->  SWS (blog:80)
+```
+
+Cloudflare proxies the domain and provides the public HTTPS certificate, so
+Caddy only needs to serve plain **HTTP on :80** and reverse-proxy to the blog.
+Caddy does **not** provision a TLS cert in this mode. This is the live setup and
+its config is the committed [`Caddyfile`](../Caddyfile) at the repo root —
+see [Cloudflare-fronted setup](#cloudflare-fronted-setup-http-only) below.
+
+Set the Cloudflare **SSL/TLS mode to "Full"** so the Cloudflare→origin hop is
+still encrypted at the network layer (e.g. over Netbird), even though Caddy's
+listener is HTTP.
+
+### 2. Caddy terminates TLS via Cloudflare DNS-01
+
+```
+Client  ->  Caddy (HTTPS :443, ACME DNS-01)  ->  SWS (blog:80)
+```
+
+Caddy obtains/renews the certificate itself using the ACME **DNS-01** challenge
+through the Cloudflare API — no inbound `80`/`443` from the public internet is
+required, which suits a Netbird-only setup with no Cloudflare proxy in front.
+The stock Caddy image cannot do this; the `caddy-cf` build bundles the
+Cloudflare DNS provider plugin. See the Docker Compose / Kubernetes examples
+later in this document.
 
 ## Why a reverse proxy?
 
@@ -21,7 +50,7 @@ the reverse proxy so that each layer owns exactly one job:
 
 | Concern              | Owned by | Notes                                             |
 | -------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
-| TLS / HTTPS certs    | Caddy    | Automatic certs via Cloudflare **DNS-01** challenge |
+| TLS / HTTPS certs    | Cloudflare *or* Caddy | Cloudflare in topology 1; Caddy (DNS-01) in topology 2 |
 | Compression (gzip/zstd) | Caddy | `encode` directive; SWS compression is off        |
 | Security headers     | Caddy    | Single source of truth, avoids duplicate headers  |
 | Serving static files | SWS      | Reads from `/public`, sets `Cache-Control`/`ETag` |
@@ -50,11 +79,72 @@ Whatever the deployment, the SWS origin exposes:
 - **Health endpoint:** `GET /health` → `200 OK`
 - **Cache headers:** already set by SWS (Caddy should pass them through, not override)
 
-Caddy only needs to terminate TLS (via Cloudflare DNS-01), add compression +
+Caddy only needs to handle TLS (or let Cloudflare do it), add compression +
 security headers, and forward requests to that origin.
 
 ---
 
+## Cloudflare-fronted setup (HTTP only)
+
+**This is the current production topology.** The canonical config is the
+committed [`Caddyfile`](../Caddyfile) at the repo root; copy it to the
+`caddy_cf` host and reload. Highlights:
+
+- **`http://blog.ahmza.com`** — the explicit `http://` scheme binds Caddy to
+  `:80` only and stops it from trying to provision a TLS certificate (Cloudflare
+  already serves HTTPS to visitors).
+- **`reverse_proxy blog:80`** — proxies to the blog (SWS) container by its
+  compose service name. Caddy and the blog container must share a Docker
+  network. Omitting this responder makes Caddy return an empty `NOP` response —
+  i.e. a **blank page**.
+- **`encode zstd gzip`** — compression happens here (SWS has it disabled).
+- **`header { ... }`** — security headers (SWS has them disabled).
+- **`trusted_proxies cloudflare { ... }`** + **`client_ip_headers
+  Cf-Connecting-Ip X-Forwarded-For`** — so the real visitor IP is used for
+  logging/matchers, but only when the request genuinely comes from Cloudflare
+  (prevents header spoofing from any other source). The `cloudflare` IP source
+  ([WeidiDeng/caddy-cloudflare-ip](https://github.com/WeidiDeng/caddy-cloudflare-ip),
+  baked into the `caddy-cf` image) auto-fetches the ranges from
+  <https://www.cloudflare.com/ips-v4/> and <https://www.cloudflare.com/ips-v6/>
+  and refreshes them on the configured `interval`, so there is no static list to
+  maintain:
+
+  ```caddy
+  trusted_proxies cloudflare {
+  	interval 12h
+  	timeout 15s
+  }
+  ```
+
+  `client_ip_headers` lists which header holds the real visitor IP:
+  `Cf-Connecting-Ip` is Cloudflare's single authoritative end-user IP, with
+  `X-Forwarded-For` as the fallback. It is only trusted for requests coming from
+  the `trusted_proxies` above.
+
+  > If you ever run without the `caddy-cloudflare-ip` plugin, you can instead
+  > pin the static ranges with `trusted_proxies static <ip/cidr ...>` copied
+  > from the Cloudflare IP pages, but then you must keep them in sync manually.
+
+Deploy and reload:
+
+```bash
+# Put the Caddyfile in place on the caddy_cf host (e.g. into the ./conf mount),
+# then reload without downtime:
+docker exec caddy_cf caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+
+# Verify from the host (expect HTTP 200, Content-Encoding: gzip, X-Frame-Options):
+curl -sI -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" http://localhost/ | grep -iE 'HTTP|content-encoding|x-frame'
+```
+
+> **Cloudflare SSL/TLS mode:** set it to **Full** so the Cloudflare→origin hop
+> is encrypted at the network layer (e.g. over Netbird), even though Caddy's
+> listener is plain HTTP.
+
+---
+
+The remaining sections describe **topology 2** (Caddy terminates TLS itself via
+the Cloudflare DNS-01 challenge) for setups without a Cloudflare proxy in front.
+
 ## Docker Compose (Gimli)
 
 Run Caddy and the blog container on the same Docker network. Caddy reaches the