2026-07-25 03:56:08 +00:00
2 changed files with 155 additions and 8 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Caddyfile for the blog behind Cloudflare.
+#
+# Topology: Cloudflare (terminates TLS)  ->  Caddy (HTTP :80)  ->  SWS (blog:80)
+#
+# Cloudflare handles the public HTTPS cert, so Caddy serves plain HTTP on :80
+# and does NOT need the Cloudflare DNS-01 / automatic-HTTPS setup. Set the
+# Cloudflare SSL/TLS mode to "Full" so CF->origin is encrypted at the network
+# layer (e.g. over your tunnel/Netbird), even though this listener is HTTP.
+#
+# Copy this file to /etc/caddy/Caddyfile on the caddy_cf host and reload:
+#   docker exec caddy_cf caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+# or restart the container.
+{
+	# Trust only Cloudflare's edge IPs so real visitor IPs (Cf-Connecting-Ip /
+	# X-Forwarded-For) are honoured only when the request actually comes from
+	# Cloudflare. This prevents header spoofing from any other source.
+	#
+	# Ranges from https://www.cloudflare.com/ips-v4/ and /ips-v6/ .
+	# Keep in sync when Cloudflare updates them (rarely). If you rebuild
+	# caddy-cf with the caddy-dynamic-cloudflare / caddy-cloudflare-ip plugin,
+	# this static list can be replaced with `trusted_proxies cloudflare`.
+	servers {
+		trusted_proxies static \
+ 173.245.48.0/20 \
+ 103.21.244.0/22 \
+ 103.22.200.0/22 \
+ 103.31.4.0/22 \
+ 141.101.64.0/18 \
+ 108.162.192.0/18 \
+ 190.93.240.0/20 \
+ 188.114.96.0/20 \
+ 197.234.240.0/22 \
+ 198.41.128.0/17 \
+ 162.158.0.0/15 \
+ 104.16.0.0/13 \
+ 104.24.0.0/14 \
+ 172.64.0.0/13 \
+ 131.0.72.0/22 \
+ 2400:cb00::/32 \
+ 2606:4700::/32 \
+ 2803:f800::/32 \
+ 2405:b500::/32 \
+ 2405:8100::/32 \
+ 2a06:98c0::/29 \
+ 2c0f:f248::/32
+		client_ip_headers Cf-Connecting-Ip X-Forwarded-For
+	}
+}
+
+# Bind to the hostname on the HTTP port only. Because the address has an
+# explicit ":80" scheme/port, Caddy will NOT try to provision a TLS cert.
+http://blog.ahmza.com {
+	# THE responder: proxy every request to the blog (SWS) container.
+	# This is what was missing before (requests fell through to a NOP -> blank page).
+	reverse_proxy blog:80
+
+	# Compression happens here (SWS has it disabled on purpose).
+	encode zstd gzip
+
+	# Security headers (single source of truth; SWS has security-headers off).
+	header {
+		Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"
+		X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
+		X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
+		Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
+		# Drop Caddy's default Server header.
+		-Server
+	}
+
+	log {
+		output stdout
+		format console
+	}
+}
@@ -1,15 +1,44 @@
 # Caddy as a Reverse Proxy

 This document describes how to run [Caddy](https://caddyserver.com/) as a
-reverse proxy in front of the blog. It covers both deployment targets used by
-this project: the Kubernetes (Raspberry Pi) cluster and the Docker Compose host
-(Gimli).
+reverse proxy in front of the blog.

 It uses the custom [`caddy-cf`](https://github.com/ahmzaa/caddy-cf) image
 (`ghcr.io/ahmzaa/caddy-cf:latest`) — a Caddy build with the **Cloudflare DNS
-module** baked in. The stock Caddy image cannot solve the ACME **DNS-01**
-challenge for Cloudflare; this custom build can, which is what lets us obtain
-certificates without exposing ports `80`/`443` to the public internet.
+module** baked in.
+
+## Deployment topologies
+
+There are two supported ways to run Caddy in front of the blog. **Pick one.**
+
+### 1. Cloudflare in front (current production) — HTTP only
+
+```
+Cloudflare (terminates TLS)  ->  Caddy (HTTP :80)  ->  SWS (blog:80)
+```
+
+Cloudflare proxies the domain and provides the public HTTPS certificate, so
+Caddy only needs to serve plain **HTTP on :80** and reverse-proxy to the blog.
+Caddy does **not** provision a TLS cert in this mode. This is the live setup and
+its config is the committed [`Caddyfile`](../Caddyfile) at the repo root —
+see [Cloudflare-fronted setup](#cloudflare-fronted-setup-http-only) below.
+
+Set the Cloudflare **SSL/TLS mode to "Full"** so the Cloudflare→origin hop is
+still encrypted at the network layer (e.g. over Netbird), even though Caddy's
+listener is HTTP.
+
+### 2. Caddy terminates TLS via Cloudflare DNS-01
+
+```
+Client  ->  Caddy (HTTPS :443, ACME DNS-01)  ->  SWS (blog:80)
+```
+
+Caddy obtains/renews the certificate itself using the ACME **DNS-01** challenge
+through the Cloudflare API — no inbound `80`/`443` from the public internet is
+required, which suits a Netbird-only setup with no Cloudflare proxy in front.
+The stock Caddy image cannot do this; the `caddy-cf` build bundles the
+Cloudflare DNS provider plugin. See the Docker Compose / Kubernetes examples
+later in this document.

 ## Why a reverse proxy?

@@ -21,7 +50,7 @@ the reverse proxy so that each layer owns exactly one job:

 | Concern              | Owned by | Notes                                             |
 | -------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
-| TLS / HTTPS certs    | Caddy    | Automatic certs via Cloudflare **DNS-01** challenge |
+| TLS / HTTPS certs    | Cloudflare *or* Caddy | Cloudflare in topology 1; Caddy (DNS-01) in topology 2 |
 | Compression (gzip/zstd) | Caddy | `encode` directive; SWS compression is off        |
 | Security headers     | Caddy    | Single source of truth, avoids duplicate headers  |
 | Serving static files | SWS      | Reads from `/public`, sets `Cache-Control`/`ETag` |
@@ -50,11 +79,55 @@ Whatever the deployment, the SWS origin exposes:
 - **Health endpoint:** `GET /health` → `200 OK`
 - **Cache headers:** already set by SWS (Caddy should pass them through, not override)

-Caddy only needs to terminate TLS (via Cloudflare DNS-01), add compression +
+Caddy only needs to handle TLS (or let Cloudflare do it), add compression +
 security headers, and forward requests to that origin.

 ---

+## Cloudflare-fronted setup (HTTP only)
+
+**This is the current production topology.** The canonical config is the
+committed [`Caddyfile`](../Caddyfile) at the repo root; copy it to the
+`caddy_cf` host and reload. Highlights:
+
+- **`http://blog.ahmza.com`** — the explicit `http://` scheme binds Caddy to
+  `:80` only and stops it from trying to provision a TLS certificate (Cloudflare
+  already serves HTTPS to visitors).
+- **`reverse_proxy blog:80`** — proxies to the blog (SWS) container by its
+  compose service name. Caddy and the blog container must share a Docker
+  network. Omitting this responder makes Caddy return an empty `NOP` response —
+  i.e. a **blank page**.
+- **`encode zstd gzip`** — compression happens here (SWS has it disabled).
+- **`header { ... }`** — security headers (SWS has them disabled).
+- **`trusted_proxies static <Cloudflare ranges>`** + **`client_ip_headers
+  Cf-Connecting-Ip X-Forwarded-For`** — so the real visitor IP is used for
+  logging/matchers, but only when the request genuinely comes from Cloudflare
+  (prevents header spoofing from any other source). The ranges come from
+  <https://www.cloudflare.com/ips-v4/> and <https://www.cloudflare.com/ips-v6/>;
+  keep them in sync when Cloudflare updates them. If `caddy-cf` is rebuilt with
+  the `caddy-cloudflare-ip` plugin, the static list can be replaced with
+  `trusted_proxies cloudflare`.
+
+Deploy and reload:
+
+```bash
+# Put the Caddyfile in place on the caddy_cf host (e.g. into the ./conf mount),
+# then reload without downtime:
+docker exec caddy_cf caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+
+# Verify from the host (expect HTTP 200, Content-Encoding: gzip, X-Frame-Options):
+curl -sI -H "Accept-Encoding: gzip" http://localhost/ | grep -iE 'HTTP|content-encoding|x-frame'
+```
+
+> **Cloudflare SSL/TLS mode:** set it to **Full** so the Cloudflare→origin hop
+> is encrypted at the network layer (e.g. over Netbird), even though Caddy's
+> listener is plain HTTP.
+
+---
+
+The remaining sections describe **topology 2** (Caddy terminates TLS itself via
+the Cloudflare DNS-01 challenge) for setups without a Cloudflare proxy in front.
+
 ## Docker Compose (Gimli)

 Run Caddy and the blog container on the same Docker network. Caddy reaches the